2. Munir, From Jinnah to Zia, p-96

3. Ahmad Saleem, Hamoudur Rehman Commission Report, General and Politicians, p-10

4. The Hamoudur Rehman Commission held six army generals - General Yahya Khan, General Abdul Hameed Khan, Lt. General S.G. Peerzada, Lt. General Gul Hassan, Major General Umar and Major General Mitha - responsible for conspiring to seize power from President Ayub Khan and creating such circumstances in East Pakistan which led to the civil disobedience, armed revolt by the Awami League, surrender of the army and breakup of Pakistan. The commission recommended that these generals should be tried by an open court. Ahmad Saleem, op. cit., p-79

5. Ziring, op. cit., p-104

6. Ibid., p-191

7. G.W. Chawdhry, Pakistan: Transition from Military to Civilian Rule, p-25

8. Manzooruddin Ahmad, Contemporary Pakistan, p-16

9. Munir, op. cit., p-86, 87

10. Ziring, op. cit., p-105

11. Khalid b. Sayeed, Politics in Pakistan, p-107

12. The Budget 1976-77, pp 5, 215.

13. Planning Commission, Annual Plan 1976-77, p- 181,192

14. Sayeed, op. cit., p-107

15. Borrowed from President Abdul Nasser of Egypt, who used the term "Islamic socialism" to counter his religious opponents.

16. Ziring, op. cit., p-120

17. Ibid. p-105

18. Ibid. p-121

19. Ibid. p-126

20. Manzooruddin Ahmad, op. cit., P-16, 17

21. During his speeches in 1969, the East Pakistani peasant leader Maulana Bhashani stated the basic demands of the workers as food, clothing and shelter (roti, kapra aur makan). This slogan was later picked up by Bhutto in his 1970 election campaign where he used it to his full advantage. Dawn March 23, 1969

22. Sayeed, op. cit., p-86

23. Ibid. p-87

24. Ziring, op. cit., p-128

25. The allegations of rigging and official interference with elections in favour of candidates of the ruling party were found to be established by judicial decisions in at least four cases, which displayed a general pattern of official interference. Judgment of the Supreme Court on the Constitutional petition of Begum Nusrat Bhutto. 10.11.1977

26. In January 1977 the Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) advised Bhutto to rig the elections since he would not otherwise be able to procure the two-thirds majority in parliament. The Herald, July 1992

27. Afzal Iqbal, Islamisation in Pakistan, p-105

28. Ibid. p-151

29. Ziring, op. cit., p-130

30. Bhutto seems to have developed confidence in Zia when they came in contact with each other during the course of the 1973 conspiracy trial, presided over by the General.....Bhutto had felt personally obliged to Zia for convicting the officers who had wanted to topple his government. General Khalid Mahmud Arif, Working with Zia: Pakistan's Power Politics 1977-88, Dawn 23.4.1995

31. Afzal, op. cit., p151

32. In the summer of 1976, General Zia, who had superseded seven senior lieutenant-generals, told Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: "Sir I am so grateful to you for appointing me Chief of Army Staff. Not only myself, but may future generations will be eternally grateful to you for singling me out for such a great honor, and this is a favour which I can never forget." The Herald, July 1992

33. In her memoirs, the Shah of Iran's elder sister Princess Ashraf Pahalavi, recalls her visit to Pakistan in May 1977 during the height of the PNA agitation, when she expressed concern over the possible reaction of the army. Bhutto assured her: "As far as the army is concerned you know that man (pointing to General Zia who was sitting at a distance) - he heads the army. He is in my pocket." The Herald, July 1992

34. Ziring, p-107-108

35. Ibid. p-131

36. Ibid. p-107, 108

37. Sayeed, op. cit., p-91

38. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Speeches and Statements. Karachi: Government of Pakistan, 1973

39. Saeed op. cit., p-96

40. Address to the nation, March 1, 1972

41. Ronald J. Herring, The Policy Logic of Land Reforms in Pakistan, p-244

42. Ibid. p-244

43. Ibid. p-229

44. Syeed, p-91

45. Ibid. p-91-92

46. Ibid. p-92

47. Ibid. p-190

48. Ziring, op. cit., p-191

49. Afzal, op. cit., p-102,103

50. Through Second constitutional amendment in September 1974, the following clause was added to the article 260: A person who does not believe in the absolute and unqualified finality of the Prophethood of Mohammad (peace be upon him) the last of the prophets or claims to be a Prophet, in any sense of the word or of any description, whatsoever, after Mohammad (peace be upon him), or recognizes such a claimant as a Prophet or a religious reformer, is not a Muslim for the purposes of the constitution or law."

51. Afzal, op.cit., p-104

52. M.H. Askarai, The Zia legacy, Dawn 6.11.1991

53. Manzooruddin Ahmad, op. cit., P-13

54. Ziring, op. cit., p-250

55. Ibid. p-37