2. Mohammad Munir, From Jinnah to Zia - p-83

3. Ayub Khan, Friends Not Masters - p-106

4 It is not possible to derive from the text of the Quran the constitution of any state. CA debates March 1949.

5. Ayub Khan, op. cit., P-128

6 . Ayub Khan op. cit., P-199

7. The Reconstruction of the Religious Thought in Islam, p-174

8. Ibid. p-175

9. Ayub Khan, Op. Cit., p-199

10. Ibid. p-200

11. Ibid. p-203-204

12. Ibid. p-198

13. The Constitution Commission report p-125 cited by Afzal Iqbal, Islamization of Pakistan - p-74

14. Afzal Iqbal, op. cit., p-76

15 Ibid. p-76

16. Dr. Fazal-ur-Rehman advocated reformation of Islam on the basis of post-Prophetic formative period of Islam. "The task of rethinking and reformulating Islam at the present juncture is much more acute and radical than has faced the Muslim since the 3rd/9th century and the requisite performance is equivalent to the performance of the first two centuries and a half. In other words, the thinking Muslim has to go right behind the early post-Prophetic formative period itself and reconstruct it all over again." { Dr. Fazal-ur-Rehman, Islam, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London 1966 p-251} He also questioned the practice of five prayers : The five daily prayers are not all mentioned in the Quran....It was in the post-Prophetic period that the number of prayers was inexorably fixed without any alternative at five and the fact of the fundamental three prayers was submerged under the rising tide of Hadith which was put into circulation to support the idea that prayers were five. { op. cit p-36}

17. Lawrence Ziring, Pakistan: Enigma of Political Development, p-93

18. Comment on "Rise and Fall of Ayub Khan," Dr. Akbar Naqvi, DAWN 19.8.1994

19. Ibid

20. Ziring, op. cit., p-92

21. Mehbub ul Haq, The Strategy of Economic Planning Karachi: Oxford, 1963, p-32

22. Ibid. p-113

23. Gustav F. Papanek, Pakistan's Development: Social Goals and Private Incentives (Cambridge, Mass.: Havard University Press, 1967, p-242 (cited by Khalid B. Sayeed, Politics in Pakistan)

24. The Report of the Committee on Islamization in 1980 rejected the economic philosophy embodied in the Second Five-Year Plan (1960-65), under which the government consciously let profits multiply while increases in wages were restricted in order to maximize the flow of invisible surplus in the corporate sector. "Such a strategy was based on an explicit acceptance of income and wealth differentials, which were allowed to grow even further as a means of achieving rapid growth rates." The committee rejected this approach; in the Islamic system, social betterment was not to be achieved through personal greed: the path to ultimate quality must not lie through initial inequality. [An Agenda for Islamic Economic Reforms: The Report of the Committee on Islamization 1980 p-14, 8]

25. Khalid B. Sayeed, Politics in Pakistan, p-57

26. In East Pakistan State Acquisition and Tenancy Act was promulgated in 1950 under which, all rent-receiving interest between cultivating tenant and the state was abolished and a ceiling of 33 acres was placed on individual ownership of land.

27. Khalid B. Sayeed op. cit., p-56

28. Planning Commission, Socio-Economic objectives of the Fourth Five Year Plan 1970-75- Karachi,1968 p-17

29. Khalid B. Sayeed, op. cit., p-61,62

30. Ibid. p-62

31.Ibid. p-63

32. General Yahya's military rule was declared illegal by the Supreme Court in Asma Jilani's case in 1973.

33. Afzal Iqbal, Democracy without dissent, Dawn Karachi 24.6.1994.