Intoduction
R E F E R E N C E S 1. The civil bureaucracy along with the military generals, has been formulating the policies and political and ideological framework of Pakistan. And being permanently in office, unlike the politicians who come and go at their behest, it is they who actually have the power to govern the state as an administrative group.
2. Pakistan ranks 132nd in the human development index among 173 countries, according to the UNDP report 1994. But its position is worse when many of the indicators are taken individually. For instance, among the developing 97 countries, it is 70th in infant mortality, 90th in child malnutrition and 83rd in adult literacy. (Dawn - Karachi 15.6.1994) The GNP per capita of Indonesia was recorded as 610 dollars and Sri Lanka at 500 dollars as compared to Pakistan's 400 dollars for the year 1991, according to the World Development Report 1993. Dawn - Karachi 5.3.1994
3. In a contempt of court case against him, General Aslam Beg told the Supreme Court on 1.3.1993 that Senate Chairman Wasim Sajjad had carried his message to the Supreme Court on October 5, 1988, to block restoration of the Junejo government. Dawn, Karachi 2.3.1993
4. Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah never used the words "ideology of Pakistan." For fifteen years after the establishment of Pakistan, the ideology of Pakistan was not known to anybody until in 1962 a solitary member of Jamaat-i-Islami for the first time used the words when the Political Parties Bill was being discussed. (Retired Chief Justice) Mohammad Munir, From Jinnah to Zia - P-28
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