Chapter IV
ISLAMIC  RESURGENCE
REFERENCES

1.  Jeff Hynes, Religion In Third World Politics  - p-16

2. Orientalists claim that Muslims cannot change so long as they are enclosed in the belief that the Koran is in its totality the very word of God and that Muhammad is the perfect human being. So long as those beliefs remain unchanged (for most Muslims it is blasphemous even to suggest the possibility of change) there is no scope, no 'give', for those modification that alone can make Islam spiritually contemporaneous with the modern world. G. H. Jansen, Militant Islam, p-95

3. James Veitch, Muslim Activism, Islamization or Fundamentalism: Exploring the issues, Islamic Journal - Islamabad  Vol. 32, No. 3, Autumn 1993

4.  Jochen Hippler/Andrea Lueg, The Next Threat: Western Perception of Islam, Pluto Press, London, 1995 p-7

5. Jeff Hynes, op. cit. p-64

6. Ibid. p-79

7. Ibid. p-149

8. Ibid. p-107

9. John Voll, Fundamentalism i n the Sunni Arab World: Egypt and the Sudan - Chicago, 1992 - p-347 cited by Hippler op. cit.

10. Samir Amin, Is there a Political Economy of Islamic Fundamentalism? Delinking (London, 1990) p-183

11. G. H. Jansen, Militant Islam, Pan Books, London  1979, p-95,96

12. Ibib. p-96,97

13. Jochen Hippler, op. cit. p-14

14. Dr. Jassim Taqui, Americans debate "fundamentalism"  - The Muslim, Islamabad - 8.9.1992

15. Shyam Bhatia, West fails to see the real face of Islam - Dawn 29.1.1993

16. John L Esposito, The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? New York, 1992,  p-23

17.Lucy Johnson, Poverty, not plotting, fuels fundamentalism  - The News Rawalpindi - 26.5.1993

18. Caryle Murphy,  How West fuels Islamic militancy - Dawn - 21.2.1992

19. Dr. Ziaul Haq, Defining Islamic Fundamentalism-II  - Dawn - 15.4.1995

20.Dr. Ziaul Haq, Defining Islamic Fundamentalism-I  - Dawn - 14.4.1995

21. Ibid.

22. Ibid.

23. Dr. Ziaul Haq, Islamic Fundamentalism - Dawn - 14.2.1992

24. Dr. Ziaul Haq, op. cit.

25. Halim Barakat, The Arab World: Society, Culture, and Change, Berkeley, 1993, p-143-144

26. Peter Ford, Islam runs right through life, politics - Kuwait Times - 7.6.1993

27. Jeff Haynes, op. cit. p-80

28. Ibid.

29. Humayun Akhtar, Who is afraid of Muslims? - The Muslim, Islamabad - 19.8.1992

30. Veitch, op. cit.

31. Hisham Sharabi, Neopatriarchy: A Theory of Distorted Change in Arab Society, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1988, p-64  

32. Cited by James Veitch, op. cit.

33. Anthony Hyman, Muslim Fundamentalism (Conflict Studies) - p-1